@article{Abreu_1994, title={Brazilian external debt in francs, 1888-1956}, volume={14}, url={https://centrodeeconomiapolitica.org.br/repojs/index.php/journal/article/view/1306}, DOI={10.1590/0101-31571994-0811}, abstractNote={<p>Although the share of the debt in French francs in total Brazilian debt was of<br />only 6% in 1930, the analysis is of interest due to the marked concentration of inflows just<br />before World War I, to the concentration of indebtedness in high risk loans to states and municipalities<br />and to the fact that France was the only creditor country to return to gold with<br />a broken parity. The process of Brazilian progressive indebtedness in francs is described and<br />the performance of loans in different currencies is evaluated in relation to alternatives such<br />as the purchase of government bonds.</p> <p><strong>JEL Classification:</strong> N26; F34.</p>}, number={4}, journal={Brazilian Journal of Political Economy}, author={Abreu, Marcelo de Paiva}, year={1994}, month={Oct.}, pages={609-622} }