Structural change and productivity growth in Brazil: where do we stand?

Vol. 40 No. 2 (2020)

Apr-Jun / 2020
Published April 1, 2020
PDF-English
PDF-English

How to Cite

Nassif, André, Lucilene Morandi, Eliane Araújo, and Carmem Feijó. 2020. “Structural Change and Productivity Growth in Brazil: Where Do We Stand?”. Brazilian Journal of Political Economy 40 (2):243-63. https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572020-3089.

Structural change and productivity growth in Brazil: where do we stand?

André Nassif
Departamento de Economia da Universidade Federal Fluminense – UFF, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brasil.
Lucilene Morandi
Departamento de Economia da Universidade Federal Fluminense – UFF, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brasil.
Eliane Araújo
Departamento de Economia da Universidade Estadual de Maringá – UEM, e CNPq, Maringá/PR, Brasil.
Carmem Feijó
Departamento de Economia da Universidade Federal Fluminense – UFF e CNPq, Rio de Janeiro/RJ, Brasil.
Brazilian Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 40 No. 2 (2020), Apr-Jun / 2020, Pages 243-263

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to discuss the evolution of the Brazilian labour productivity in the 1990s and 2000s to shed some light on the resilience of the Brazilian economy to recover growth. Labor productivity growth in Brazil, after showing positive annual rates between 1950 and 1979, became stagnant after 1980. Following McMillan and Rodrik’s (2011) methodology, this paper at first decompose labor productivity growth in the period 1950-2011, according to “structural change” (which is considered growth-enhancing) and “within effect” (which is growth-reducing, if not accompanied by significant structural change while the country is still pursuing its catching-up process). Next, an econometric exercised is presented to explain the determinants of the structural change component of the labour productivity since economic opening in the 1990s. The results show that the stagnation of the Brazilian productivity is explained by the overvaluation trend of the Brazilian currency, the reprimarization of the export basket, the low degree of Brazil’s trade openness and the high real interest rates prevailing in the period.

JEL Classification: 010; 011; 014; 047.


Keywords: Economic development catching-up labor productivity growth structural change